Upgrades are enhancements made to your held/worn objects. You can be assumed to have applied any upgrades you have selected to any appropriate item you are using after at least a short rest since acquiring the item.
Each slot can only hold one upgrade (per Artificer rank) at a time. You are allowed to know more upgrades than you have slots for, but you can only apply as many as you have slots for.
Increase your size category by one, along with +4 bonus to Str, -2 to Dex, -2 to Con, +2 to reach, +1 to melee damage rolls, and +x to carrying capacity.
Gain a Jump movement type equal to walking speed. Also nullifies falling damage.
Servitors
You can have one servitor active at a time. If you have more than one, they begin to act on their own, and may even turn hostile.
It is a swift action to give your servitor a simple command (move here, attack that, deliver this item to that person, etc). They act on your turn in combat. By default, they use hearing to understand your commands; assume they understand your language.
Create a wood golem servitor: a large humanoid automaton made of wood that can fight alongside you, heal itself by absorbing sunlight, and lend you its vitality when you need healing.
create zones of lesser or greater gravity, or even anti-gravity
De-resolution Beam
Disintegrate
Aetheric Engine
ethereal jaunt
banishment
ghost touch
Aquakinetic Gauntlet
telekinetically control water
can dehydrate enemies
has water storage if there's no water around
Missile Launcher
launch 2+1/rank seeking missiles that do light explosive damage
other stuff?
Plasma Sword
it's a lightsaber
Power Armor
Increase Strength by (prof bonus times 2)
Slam attack: heavy damage, Str-based
AC of 10 + (prof * 2)
No Str requirement
Gain Absorb 50% (all), limit equals your max HP. When expended, the armor stops working.
Upgrades
Lots of em.
Quantum Imbalancer
Modifies the fundamental properties of the universe, allowing for probability control. (Luck rolls, etc)
Dev Notes
Instead of mana, each Invention will have an Overdrive ability, which has a chance to disable the device until repaired, cause a blowback or malfunction, or, at minimum, render it useless (or in a low power state) until it can recharge.